阻力訓練對認知功能影響之文獻回顧：訓練處方視角
臺灣運動心理學報 民 112，23 卷，1 期，P45 - 81
(DOI： 10.6497/BSEPT.202303_23(1).0003)
摘要
越來越多研究探討阻力訓練對大腦與認知功能的好處，然而，多數研究仍多聚焦於介入時間長度與年齡層的不同，卻鮮少注重運動處方的影響。因此，本回顧性文章之目的為統整不同阻力訓練處方介入對認知影響之研究，並提出阻力訓練促進認知功能之可能生理與生化機轉，再對未來研究方向提出建議與展望。經由本文獻回顧統整結論如下：（一）相較於較低的訓練總量，較高的訓練總量對於執行功能有更好的效果，中等或高強度阻力訓練皆可能同樣有效（二）不同的訓練動作模式如不穩定平面阻力訓練、高速阻力訓練，皆有益於增進認知。此外，不穩定平面阻力訓練可能比傳統阻力訓練更有益於增進中老年族群的認知功能。（三）透過較為複雜且具有挑戰性的訓練動作，抑或加入認知介入，皆可能會透過學習的過程與結合更多認知資源的投入，對認知改善產生更正面的影響。結論：至少每週兩次的訓練總量，傳統、高速或不穩定的訓練動作、及透過複雜性、挑戰性進而投入更多認知資源的阻力訓練可能有助於提升認知功能。最後，鑑於最佳訓練總量、組間休息與更多阻力訓練動作模式間的比較，以及各類處方在不同族群上實施的研究仍不足，仍有待未來的研究投入。
Abstract
A growing body of evidence suggests that resistance training can evoke beneficial changes in the brain and improve cognitive functioning; however, most research still focuses on the duration of intervention and on different age groups. Fewer studies are concerned with the impact of exercise prescription. Therefore, this literature review consolidates empirical articles on the effects of different long-term resistance training prescription interventions on cognition, then proposes possible physiological and biochemical mechanisms that promote cognitive function. It further provides suggestions for future research directions. The overall conclusions are as follows: 1) Higher training volume may benefit executive cognitive function more than low volume. Both moderate and high intensity may offer the same effect. 2) Different training movement patterns (such as high-speed resistance and instability resistance) may provide cognitive benefits. Additionally, for the elderly, instability resistance training may improve cognitive function more than traditional resistance training. 3) Using more complex and challenging training movements, or adding cognitive intervention, entails a learning process and greater investment of cognitive resources that may offer a more positive impact on cognitive improvement. In general, training at least twice per week, and engaging in resistance training modalities that invest more cognitive resources through complexity and challenge, may increase cognitive function. Finally, there is still insufficient data regarding optimal training volume and rest between sets, comparisons between different resistance training movement patterns, and the benefits of various prescriptions in different populations. Future research into these topics is warranted.
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